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Seabed Mining; polymetallic nodules
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"Just when you thought Drilling for Oil was bad, what could be worse! . The ISA in 2001 began awarding 15-year contracts to mining companies that give them the exclusive right to explore 29,000 square mile (75,000 square km) sections of the seabed for polymetallic nodules. Other contracts were issued for 3,900 square mile (10,000 square km) patches to look for polymetallic sulfides at hydrothermal vent fields, and 1,160 square mile (3,000 square km) concessions to explore cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts of underwater mountains called seamounts. To date, 28 contracts have been issued that cover more than 520,000 square miles (1.3 million square km) of the seabed in the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans. . This has now continued in Atlantic Ocean and Poland have now been granted a large area to mine. . The Law of the Sea, which regulates marine activities beyond national jurisdiction, declared the sea floor to be “the common heritage of mankind, the exploration and exploitation of which shall be carried out for the benefit of mankind as a whole.” (And ofcourse for the good of Electric Cars as we need Polymetallic nodules for electric car batteries). . a UK firm, Lockheed Martin, will soon be taking up mining operations in a 58,000 sq. km area in the Pacific Ocean. . The International Seabed Authority (ISA) in Kingston, Jamaica, which grants the exploration rights, has also given mining permission to several other countries. India, which has been a pioneer in deep sea mining research, should be in a position to harvest the nodules in about two years, when the technology is fully developed. India has been allocated 150,000 sq. km in the Central Indian Ocean Basin (CIOB) by ISA for pursuing mining developmental activity. It is estimated that in the Indian Ocean a whopping 10-18 million sq km has nodules. The mass of polymetallic nodules in the area allocated to India (Indian Pioneer area) is estimated to be 380 million metric tonnes (mmt). Of this, manganese may account for about 92.60 mmt. Other minerals like cobalt, nickel and copper account for 0.56 mmt, 4.70 mmt and 4.30 mmt respectively, according to Dr. M. Atmanand, Director of National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT), Chennai. NIOT is the agency that has been developing the technology for deep-sea mining. The way these minerals will be used is well known — cobalt in medical treatment and nickel in batteries, for instance. Mining for these is of strategic importance as there is no terrestrial source of these metals in India. The nodules on the Indian Ocean bed are found at a depth of about 6,000 metres and the closest point of the nodule fields is at a distance of about 2,500 km off the Kanyakumari coast. NIOT has so far tested their machines only up to a depth of 5,000 metres. These machines would harvest and crush the nodules before bringing them to the surface . still this is for the good of the "human race" fuck the sea beds & sea life any comments? worth reading up on. "U.K. firm Lockheed Martin? Lost interest after that fairly fundamental error. | |||
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"you should be interested, there is going to be a lot of damage "your an ex oil man..? now you've got your pension you seem to have developed a conscience..? | |||
"Just when you thought Drilling for Oil was bad, what could be worse! . The ISA in 2001 began awarding 15-year contracts to mining companies that give them the exclusive right to explore 29,000 square mile (75,000 square km) sections of the seabed for polymetallic nodules. Other contracts were issued for 3,900 square mile (10,000 square km) patches to look for polymetallic sulfides at hydrothermal vent fields, and 1,160 square mile (3,000 square km) concessions to explore cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts of underwater mountains called seamounts. To date, 28 contracts have been issued that cover more than 520,000 square miles (1.3 million square km) of the seabed in the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans. . This has now continued in Atlantic Ocean and Poland have now been granted a large area to mine. . The Law of the Sea, which regulates marine activities beyond national jurisdiction, declared the sea floor to be “the common heritage of mankind, the exploration and exploitation of which shall be carried out for the benefit of mankind as a whole.” (And ofcourse for the good of Electric Cars as we need Polymetallic nodules for electric car batteries). . a UK firm, Lockheed Martin, will soon be taking up mining operations in a 58,000 sq. km area in the Pacific Ocean. . The International Seabed Authority (ISA) in Kingston, Jamaica, which grants the exploration rights, has also given mining permission to several other countries. India, which has been a pioneer in deep sea mining research, should be in a position to harvest the nodules in about two years, when the technology is fully developed. India has been allocated 150,000 sq. km in the Central Indian Ocean Basin (CIOB) by ISA for pursuing mining developmental activity. It is estimated that in the Indian Ocean a whopping 10-18 million sq km has nodules. The mass of polymetallic nodules in the area allocated to India (Indian Pioneer area) is estimated to be 380 million metric tonnes (mmt). Of this, manganese may account for about 92.60 mmt. Other minerals like cobalt, nickel and copper account for 0.56 mmt, 4.70 mmt and 4.30 mmt respectively, according to Dr. M. Atmanand, Director of National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT), Chennai. NIOT is the agency that has been developing the technology for deep-sea mining. The way these minerals will be used is well known — cobalt in medical treatment and nickel in batteries, for instance. Mining for these is of strategic importance as there is no terrestrial source of these metals in India. The nodules on the Indian Ocean bed are found at a depth of about 6,000 metres and the closest point of the nodule fields is at a distance of about 2,500 km off the Kanyakumari coast. NIOT has so far tested their machines only up to a depth of 5,000 metres. These machines would harvest and crush the nodules before bringing them to the surface . still this is for the good of the "human race" fuck the sea beds & sea life any comments? worth reading up on.
U.K. firm Lockheed Martin?
Lost interest after that fairly fundamental error."Likewise.  | |||
"Just when you thought Drilling for Oil was bad, what could be worse! . The ISA in 2001 began awarding 15-year contracts to mining companies that give them the exclusive right to explore 29,000 square mile (75,000 square km) sections of the seabed for polymetallic nodules. Other contracts were issued for 3,900 square mile (10,000 square km) patches to look for polymetallic sulfides at hydrothermal vent fields, and 1,160 square mile (3,000 square km) concessions to explore cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts of underwater mountains called seamounts. To date, 28 contracts have been issued that cover more than 520,000 square miles (1.3 million square km) of the seabed in the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans. . This has now continued in Atlantic Ocean and Poland have now been granted a large area to mine. . The Law of the Sea, which regulates marine activities beyond national jurisdiction, declared the sea floor to be “the common heritage of mankind, the exploration and exploitation of which shall be carried out for the benefit of mankind as a whole.” (And ofcourse for the good of Electric Cars as we need Polymetallic nodules for electric car batteries). . a UK firm, Lockheed Martin, will soon be taking up mining operations in a 58,000 sq. km area in the Pacific Ocean. . The International Seabed Authority (ISA) in Kingston, Jamaica, which grants the exploration rights, has also given mining permission to several other countries. India, which has been a pioneer in deep sea mining research, should be in a position to harvest the nodules in about two years, when the technology is fully developed. India has been allocated 150,000 sq. km in the Central Indian Ocean Basin (CIOB) by ISA for pursuing mining developmental activity. It is estimated that in the Indian Ocean a whopping 10-18 million sq km has nodules. The mass of polymetallic nodules in the area allocated to India (Indian Pioneer area) is estimated to be 380 million metric tonnes (mmt). Of this, manganese may account for about 92.60 mmt. Other minerals like cobalt, nickel and copper account for 0.56 mmt, 4.70 mmt and 4.30 mmt respectively, according to Dr. M. Atmanand, Director of National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT), Chennai. NIOT is the agency that has been developing the technology for deep-sea mining. The way these minerals will be used is well known — cobalt in medical treatment and nickel in batteries, for instance. Mining for these is of strategic importance as there is no terrestrial source of these metals in India. The nodules on the Indian Ocean bed are found at a depth of about 6,000 metres and the closest point of the nodule fields is at a distance of about 2,500 km off the Kanyakumari coast. NIOT has so far tested their machines only up to a depth of 5,000 metres. These machines would harvest and crush the nodules before bringing them to the surface . still this is for the good of the "human race" fuck the sea beds & sea life any comments? worth reading up on.
U.K. firm Lockheed Martin?
Lost interest after that fairly fundamental error.
Likewise. "It's not like the OP wrote it. He just plagerised it from somewhere else. | |||
"you should be interested, there is going to be a lot of damage "Can't be any worse than the collective collateral from seabed petroleum extraction. You should be happy Mr Oil Rig, you might have some transferable skills. In all seriousness, hi tech solutions to fossil fuels require deep earth metals, so long as these are extracted carefully we could more efficient energy production. Who knows, might allow Elon Musk to sent up that asteroid mining enterprise he and all of us need. | |||
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"To the Aliens, It's high time something was done about the human vermin. Please help. From all other life on Earth." We are a quarantined planet.Ive always preferred the zoo hypothesis to explain the Fermi paradox.  | |||
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"We need rare earth elements to power the renewables industry - they are essential for solar panels, batteries etc. On balance I think climate change is a larger global threat than seabed mining in the deep ocean so I think it needs to happen. The main problems could be with waste after extracting metals from seabed crust ore - this is less an issue with polymetallic modules which are much purer." China controls just about all the rare earth elements .Which is a huge problem for the rest of us.Eventually we will have to mine the moon or asteroids or the sea bed. | |||
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"Labs around the world have already solved the major rare earth problems. They have made highly efficient batteries, solar cells, lenses and other high-tech devices from both natural and synthetic polymers, and various forms of carbon fibres, tubes, etc. The raw materials for these devices are abundant, but it will take time for the production methods to be scaled-up and be made economical." Be interested to hear source of this info - have you a reference? Interested in following this up. | |||
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"Labs around the world have already solved the major rare earth problems. They have made highly efficient batteries, solar cells, lenses and other high-tech devices from both natural and synthetic polymers, and various forms of carbon fibres, tubes, etc. The raw materials for these devices are abundant, but it will take time for the production methods to be scaled-up and be made economical." Didn’t Elon Musk day something along the lines of the reason for starting Tesla was to build a demand to develop and scale battery technology (his Gigafactory project)? -Matt | |||
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"Nature magazine for years. I can't give you the references because I throw them away when I've read them. You could try the website." I am not aware of any photovoltaic cells which do not require doping with rare earth elements. | |||
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"Just when you thought Drilling for Oil was bad, what could be worse! . The ISA in 2001 began awarding 15-year contracts to mining companies that give them the exclusive right to explore 29,000 square mile (75,000 square km) sections of the seabed for polymetallic nodules. Other contracts were issued for 3,900 square mile (10,000 square km) patches to look for polymetallic sulfides at hydrothermal vent fields, and 1,160 square mile (3,000 square km) concessions to explore cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts of underwater mountains called seamounts. To date, 28 contracts have been issued that cover more than 520,000 square miles (1.3 million square km) of the seabed in the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans. . This has now continued in Atlantic Ocean and Poland have now been granted a large area to mine. . The Law of the Sea, which regulates marine activities beyond national jurisdiction, declared the sea floor to be “the common heritage of mankind, the exploration and exploitation of which shall be carried out for the benefit of mankind as a whole.” (And ofcourse for the good of Electric Cars as we need Polymetallic nodules for electric car batteries). . a UK firm, Lockheed Martin, will soon be taking up mining operations in a 58,000 sq. km area in the Pacific Ocean. . The International Seabed Authority (ISA) in Kingston, Jamaica, which grants the exploration rights, has also given mining permission to several other countries. India, which has been a pioneer in deep sea mining research, should be in a position to harvest the nodules in about two years, when the technology is fully developed. India has been allocated 150,000 sq. km in the Central Indian Ocean Basin (CIOB) by ISA for pursuing mining developmental activity. It is estimated that in the Indian Ocean a whopping 10-18 million sq km has nodules. The mass of polymetallic nodules in the area allocated to India (Indian Pioneer area) is estimated to be 380 million metric tonnes (mmt). Of this, manganese may account for about 92.60 mmt. Other minerals like cobalt, nickel and copper account for 0.56 mmt, 4.70 mmt and 4.30 mmt respectively, according to Dr. M. Atmanand, Director of National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT), Chennai. NIOT is the agency that has been developing the technology for deep-sea mining. The way these minerals will be used is well known — cobalt in medical treatment and nickel in batteries, for instance. Mining for these is of strategic importance as there is no terrestrial source of these metals in India. The nodules on the Indian Ocean bed are found at a depth of about 6,000 metres and the closest point of the nodule fields is at a distance of about 2,500 km off the Kanyakumari coast. NIOT has so far tested their machines only up to a depth of 5,000 metres. These machines would harvest and crush the nodules before bringing them to the surface . still this is for the good of the "human race" fuck the sea beds & sea life any comments? worth reading up on. "Just goes to show humankind will never learn. Im disheartened by it | |||
