Thank you for such an interesting question.
Studies have shown evidence of female ejaculation in between 10 and
40% of female orgasms. However, research is being performed under the
hypothesis that ejaculation can occur in all (or most) cases (as
suggests the article linked in a comment by my colleague Pinkfreud-ga,
which I recommend you reading too), but probably most of them in an
amount unnoticeable in an area typically humid during sexual
intercourse -- thus, those percentages would correspond to those women
who do notice their ejaculation.
According to some laboratory tests, the fluid coming out during a
female ejaculation would be a substance with some similarities to male
semen in its composition, produced by the paraurethral glands or
Skene's glands, often called "female prostate" for its similitude in
placement, structure and, given the discovery of female ejaculation,
function, with the male prostate, the responsible of the production of
semen. More noticeably in women -- but also in men -- these glands
have also a function of sexual stimulation. They are in the basis of
the so called "vaginal orgasm" (as opposed to "clitoral orgasm",
opposition that is being criticized lately), and are in the
physiological structure of the famous G-spot or Gräfenberg spot, the
location on the vagina anterior wall which would have sensitivity to
sexual stimulation. More rigorously, when that area is being rubbed --
either by a penis, finger, etc. -- the glands in touch with it are
those that experiment the stimulation. Thus, the female ejaculation is
more likely to occur when stimulating the G-spot. The website
The-clitoris.com "Dedicated to a Woman's Sexual Pleasure & Health",
publishes excellent diagrams on how to stimulate this area and showing
all the anatomy above depicted -- actually, you can have more extended
explanations of the issue in it -- at their page "The Female Prostate,
Female Ejaculation, and The G-Spot"
(http://www.the-clitoris.com/f_html/ejacula.htm )
LINKS:
The Grafenberg Area:
Its Existence, Location, and Significance in Human Sexual Function
(http://mama.indstate.edu/users/nizrael/grafenberg.html )
Excerpt:
"Another interesting discovery associated with G-spot research is the
incidence of female ejaculation. In "Female Urethral Expulsions Evoked
by Local Digital Stimulation of the G-Spot: Differences in the
Response patterns," an article in the Journal of Sex Research by Milan
Zaviacic and his colleagues at Comenius University in Bratislava, this
phenomena was studied in some depth. The study was conducted with
twenty-seven women; a G-spot was found in all, and ten of them
experienced episodes of feminine ejaculation. The accepted theory is
that the G-spot is analogous to the prostate and associated glands, as
it seems to produce a fluid chemically similar to male seminal fluid.
This phenomenon is one that many women mistake for urinary
incontinence, although the fluid released is actually quite different
from urine. This is not an uncommon occurrence, as is shown in "Female
Ejaculation: Perceived Origins, the Grafenberg Spot/Area, and Sexual
Responsiveness," an article in the Archives of Sexual Behavior.
According to the introduction, forty percent of the participants in an
anonymous mail survey of 2350 women (with a fifty-five percent
response rate) reported experiences of ejaculation (Darling, Davidson,
Conway-Welch 29)."
From the prestigious Q&A service of the Columbia University "Go Ask Alice":
"This sounds like a G-spot phenomenon accompanied by female
ejaculation. With a woman who is lying on her back and has her legs
spread apart, the G-spot can be located by putting your fingers inside
of her between 10 and 2 o'clock, as if her vulva were the face of a
clock, with 12 at the top. Move your fingers deeper inside and curl
them back so that they are touching and pressing against the top of
her vagina or the "back door" of the clitoris. The G-spot swells from
the size of a dime to the size of a quarter and fills with fluid that
is NOT urine or vaginal fluid, which spurts out of the urtethra (not
the vagina) when a woman orgasms."
(http://www.goaskalice.columbia.edu/1267.html )
"Now researchers believe that female cum is produced by the Skene's
glands, which are located in a woman's urethra and are made of tissue
that's similar in composition to a man's prostate gland. These
researchers point to chemical analysis of female ejaculate that
reveals the presence of high levels of prostatic acid phosphatase (a
chemical secreted by the prostate gland and found in semen). This
would seem to indicate that a woman's ejaculation is similar in
composition to semen (only without the sperm, of course)."
(http://www.goaskalice.columbia.edu/1905.html )
From women's Barnard College newsletter The Well-Woman:
"Recent studies suggest that anywhere from ten to forty percent of
females can ejaculate (although the latest research indicates the
possibility that all women produce female ejaculate, even if they are
not aware of it), however women do not necessarily ejaculate every
time they have an orgasm, and the amount of fluid they secrete can
range from as little as a few drops, to nearly fifteen ounces (almost
two cups). The fluid itself is produced in the paraurethral (?near the
urethra?) glands, also known as ?Skene?s Glands,? and sometimes
colloquially referred to as the ?female prostate?. The largest of
these glands (there may be as many as thirty or more) are located near
the urethral orifice, and may in some cases open into the vulva, but
the exact quantity, size, and placement of these glands varies from
woman to woman. During sexual arousal, the paraurethral glands fill
with a liquid that is a blend of proteins similar to those found in
male seminal fluid."
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