Guidance
Avian influenza (bird flu)
EnglishCymraeg
How to spot avian influenza (bird flu), what to do if you suspect it, and measures to prevent it.
Published 26 August 2014
Last updated 13 November 2020 — see all updates
From:
Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs and Animal and Plant Health Agency
Contents
Latest situation
Biosecurity advice
How to spot avian influenza
Advice for the public
Movement controls and licences
Trade, import and export issues
Higher Risk Areas (HRAs)
Prevention Zone
Older cases of avian flu
Control strategy
Legislation on avian influenza
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Avian influenza (bird flu) mainly affects birds. It can also affect humans and other mammals.
Bird flu is a notifiable animal disease. If you suspect any type of bird flu in poultry or captive birds you must report it immediately by calling the Defra Rural Services Helpline on 03000 200 301. In Wales, contact 0300 303 8268. In Scotland, contact your local Field Services Office. Failure to do so is an offence.
If you find dead wild waterfowl (swans, geese or ducks) or other dead wild birds, such as gulls or birds of prey, you should report them to the Defra helpline (03459 33 55 77 - please select option 7).
If you keep poultry, whether commercially on a farm, or as pets in your garden, or rearing game birds, you should keep a close watch on them for signs of disease and maintain good biosecurity at all times. If you have any concerns about the health of your poultry, seek prompt advice from your vet.
Poultry includes chickens, ducks, turkeys, geese, pigeon (bred for meat), partridge, quail, guinea fowl and pheasants.
You should register your poultry, even if only kept as pets, so we can contact you during an outbreak. This is a legal requirement if you have 50 or more birds.
Latest situation
Poultry and other captive birds
Update 12 November 2020: Further testing has confirmed the case of avian influenza H5N8 in broiler breeder chickens near Leominster in Herefordshire to be a highly pathogenic strain.
An Avian Influenza Prevention Zone (PDF, 39.1KB, 6 pages) (AIPZ) has been declared across the whole of England effective from 5pm on 11 November 2020. Declarations for an AIPZ in Scotland and Wales have also been made by the Scottish Government and Welsh Government.
The decision to implement this AIPZ follows a risk assessment containing the latest scientific and ornithological evidence and veterinary advice.
The AIPZ means a bird keeper in England (whether they have pet birds, commercial flocks or just a few birds in a backyard flock) are required by law to take a range of biosecurity precautions. Further details of the measures that apply in the AIPZ can be found in the AIPZ declaration and our biosecurity guidance.
Bird gatherings are not permitted within the AIPZ. The general licence for bird gatherings was revoked on 11 November 2020.
The following 3 cases of avian influenza in poultry or other captive birds have now been confirmed:
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8 was confirmed on the 10 November in broiler breeder chickens at a premises near Leominster, in Herefordshire. A 3km Protection Zone and 10km Surveillance Zone have been put in place around the infected premises.
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8 was confirmed on the 2 November at a premises near Frodsham, Cheshire. A 3km Protection Zone and a 10km Surveillance Zone have been put in place around the infected premises.
Low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) H5N2 was confirmed on the 2 November at a premises near Deal, Kent. A 1km low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) Restricted Zone has been put around the premises.
We’ve published an outbreak assessment for these cases and both LPAI and HPAI in UK and Europe.
Check if you are in a disease control zone on our interactive map.
You can find out more about these cases on the movement controls and licences section including specific legal restrictions.
Wild birds
The Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA) carries out year-round avian influenza surveillance of dead wild birds submitted via public reports and warden patrols. As part of this surveillance of wild birds, the following have all tested positive for highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8:
a number of geese near Stroud in Gloucestershire
several swans near Dawlish in Devon
a goose near Weymouth
For further details, see the report (updated regularly) on findings of HPAI in wild birds in Great Britain.
If you find dead wild waterfowl (swans, geese or ducks) or other dead wild birds, such as gulls or birds of prey, you should report them to the Defra helpline (03459 33 55 77).
Risk level
Following confirmed cases of avian influenza in England and increasing reports of avian influenza affecting flocks in mainland Europe, the risk level for avian influenza incursion in wild birds in GB was been raised from ‘medium’ to ‘high’ on the 6 November 2020.
The risk level for the disease being introduced to poultry premises in GB was also raised from ‘low’ to ‘medium’ on the 6 November. It should be noted that the risk of introduction to individual premises depends upon the level of biosecurity implemented on a premises to prevent direct or indirect contact with wild birds.
In response to the increased risk an AIPZ has been declared in England, Scotland and Wales and the Chief Vets from England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland are urging bird keepers across the UK to maintain and strengthen their biosecurity measures in order to prevent further outbreaks of avian influenza in the UK.
If you keep poultry (including game birds or as pets), you should follow our biosecurity best practice advice. Remain vigilant for any signs of disease in your flock and report any sign of avian influenza to Defra Rural Services Helpline on 03000 200 301.
Public Health England advises that the risk to the public’s health is very low. Food Standards Agency (FSA) has said that on the basis of the current scientific evidence, avian influenzas pose a very low food safety risk for UK consumers
Avian influenza is unconnected with coronavirus (COVID-19).
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